How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe ADHD is a child's condition, but it can also affect adults. Finding a doctor and treating ADHD can help improve a person's life.
A diagnosis for ADHD could involve a conversation with the person and family members. The specialist might review the school records from the past to determine whether symptoms began in childhood.
Signs and symptoms
Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized from time to time However, for those who has ADHD, these problems interfere with work, school and family life. To be considered to have the disorder, one must show signs of major impairment in at least two of these areas and show that the symptoms significantly impair everyday functioning. The symptoms must have been present for at least six months.
A doctor will ask the patient about their symptoms, as well as regarding any medical issues or family history. They may also use rating systems to assess symptoms in adults and children. These questionnaires are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They cover symptoms such as hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity.
Adults may be asked to talk to their significant other or someone they know well. This isn't to question honesty, but to gain a better understanding of a person's behavior that can't be gathered from an interview. They may also ask about their childhood behavior and consult the old school records to determine if the symptoms started before the age of 12.
Before determining the cause, the doctor will conduct an extensive physical exam and run lab tests to rule other ailments for thyroid issues or head injuries that can cause similar symptoms. The provider will also check the person's list of medications. Doctors will look at the interactions between stimulants and specific medications prescribed for depression, high-blood pressure, and other ailments. This is why it's essential for adults to consult their primary care physicians if they think they might have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be considered to have ADHD the symptoms must appear in at least two different settings (such as school, home, and work) and affect the functioning of the individual. The symptoms must have appeared before the age of 12 and can't be caused by another disorder such as depression or anxiety.
A mental health professional will employ different tools to assess the patient, including ADHD symptom lists and standardized scales for assessing behaviour, and a detailed medical history. They may interview family members and friends to determine how the individual's symptoms have affected them. They'll ask whether the symptoms are similar to the symptoms of other psychiatric conditions or physical conditions.
Evaluators will take into account whether the symptoms are mild, moderate or severe. They will also review the person's medical and family history to determine if there are any underlying causes of their problem, such as thyroid disorders or head injuries.
In some instances the evaluator may want to conduct a cognitive test or request the person take an imaging test to rule out other causes for their symptoms like learning disabilities. These people often present differently than those without these problems. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, while girls show inattentive ones.
A few people suffering from ADHD are interested in participating in studies to test out new treatments. While this is an excellent way to help further research, it is crucial for participants to know that the purpose behind these studies is to gain scientific knowledge and do not necessarily guarantee that they will receive treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more details about clinical trials.
Treatment
For a person who suspects they have ADHD it is important to find a specialist trained in diagnosing the disorder. Make sure to check with your health insurance provider to see whether ADHD specialists are covered, and then seek referrals from family doctors or other health care professionals. Also, word-of mouth referrals are a good option.
A doctor will inquire with the patient - or their parents in the case of children - about their issues. They can use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptoms checklists, or ask for details from other people in the person's life, like spouses and family members. Personal insight can reveal more than can be discovered from questionnaires.
Experts will also examine any old school records particularly old reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually determined by the past of the individual. To be diagnosed the symptoms must have been present since childhood (technically prior to the age of 12).
Physical examinations are also carried out. It is also checked for other medical conditions that could be causing symptoms, for instance seizures or thyroid issues. The specialist will typically conduct a neurological exam which tests for motor control and coordination. Psychological tests, designed to measure abilities and intelligence, may be utilized as well. Additionally the person could be asked to complete simple computer tasks that evaluate attention and memory. This could assist an expert determine if someone is hyperactive or inattentional. The expert will determine the diagnosis and suggest treatment. Typically, the treatment plan includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy can teach adults and children healthy coping skills and help change negative thinking patterns. The therapy can be offered by a primary doctor or a mental healthcare professional who is a specialist in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD improve their condition by taking medication, though it's not the only way to treat the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, or a combination of both can be beneficial to children, teens and adults. These therapies assist them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and help them learn to live with the symptoms. Psychoeducation, which is a form of education on ADHD and ways to manage it, could be included. They could include family members, teachers and professionals.
It's important to locate a health care provider or mental health professional with previous experience treating ADHD. You can ask others who suffer from ADHD for suggestions or refer to a mental health provider you've met. You can also do an online search. It is important to find a specialist who is familiar with your insurance.
The health care provider will inquire with you or your child about symptoms and problems caused by ADHD. They will conduct an examination of the body and look for any other health conditions that could cause similar symptoms. They will go over the medical and family history of you or your child, as well as school records and other reports.
Diagnosing ADHD in adults can be a bit more difficult due to the fact that the Symptom Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are mostly geared toward diagnosing children. Your doctor will ask you or your child about their symptoms and may request other people who spend many hours with them to complete questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants like methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox as well as non-stimulants like atomoxetine and antidepressants. They function by boosting levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD have co-occurring disorders, such as anxiety or depression. This is why treatment should include therapy that addresses these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavioral treatment that teaches skills such as time and task management as well as emotional self-regulation.
Additionally, therapists can help patients manage their symptoms by making lifestyle adjustments. For instance, a regular exercise routine can help reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is crucial as well. People suffering from ADHD tend eat more sugar and fat, and less fruits and vegetables. Making family and social relationships a priority can reduce stress and make individuals feel more in control of their lives.
adhd adult diagnosis uk of having an ADHD diagnosis is that it gives adults and children a better comprehension of their issues. For instance, a child suffering from ADHD might have difficulty communicating their needs to teachers and peers However, once a teacher is aware that it's not due to laziness accommodations can be provided.
A professional evaluating ADHD will ask questions geared to the individual's age, speak with family and teachers, review medical records, and look for any comorbidities. If ADHD symptoms started before adulthood, school records can be useful for adults.
A physical exam is usually included, and the doctor will likely test for vision and hearing problems. He or she might also conduct a blood test in order to test for certain hormones, and other health conditions which can cause ADHD-like signs and symptoms.