How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people think ADHD is just a child's condition but it can affect adults. When diagnosed and treated for ADHD the patient can lead a happier life.
An evaluation for ADHD might include interviewing the patient and their family members. The specialist could look over old school records in order to determine if symptoms began as an infant.
Symptoms
ADHD is a disorder that affects work, school, and home life. Everyone experiences difficulty in concentrating and staying organised at times. To be considered to have the disorder, one must exhibit severe symptoms in at least two of these areas and show that the symptoms significantly impair daily functioning. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
To establish a diagnosis a doctor will interview the patient regarding their symptoms and ask about their family medical history and any medical issues. They may also use rating scales to assess a adult's or a child's symptoms. These questionnaires are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These include questions regarding symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity and an impulsive nature.
For adults, doctors might ask to speak with an intimate partner or others who are familiar with the patient. This isn't to question the authenticity of the person, but rather to gain more insight into the behavior of a person that cannot be obtained from a questionnaire. They may also ask about their childhood behavior and consult old school records to determine whether the symptoms began before age 12.
Before determining a diagnosis, the doctor will conduct physical examinations and tests on the lab to rule out any other health conditions, such as thyroid issues or head injuries that may cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also look over the patient's medication list. Doctors will take into consideration the interaction between stimulants and certain medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other ailments. It is essential that adults talk with their primary healthcare provider if they suspect they may have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must be present in more than one setting (like school, home, and work) and significantly interfere with functioning. The symptoms must have manifested before the age of 12 and must not be caused by another disorder like anxiety or depression.
A doctor or mental health professional will employ a variety of tools during an evaluation which include ADHD symptoms checklists as well as standardized behavior rating scales and a thorough history. They may interview family members and friends to see how the person's symptoms have affected them. They may also inquire whether there are other psychiatric conditions or physical conditions that exhibit similar symptoms.
Evaluators will take into account whether symptoms are mild or severe. They will also review the medical history of the patient and family history to ensure there is no root cause of their problems, such as thyroid disorders and head injuries, as well as medication.
In some cases, an evaluator may want to perform cognitive testing or have the person undergo an imaging test to rule out any other possible causes for their symptoms, such as mood disorders, learning disabilities personality disorders, and substance abuse. People with these problems often present very differently from those who do not have them. For instance, boys tend to have hyperactive symptoms while girls show inattention symptoms.
A few people suffering from ADHD might be interested in participating in an experiment in order to test new treatments. While this is an excellent opportunity to contribute to further research, it's important for participants to realize that the purpose behind these studies is to increase scientific knowledge and do not necessarily guarantee they will receive treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information about clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect they may have ADHD, it's important to find an expert trained in diagnosing the disorder. Ask your health insurance provider for confirmation if ADHD specialists will be covered. You could also ask your family physician or other healthcare providers for referrals. Word-of mouth recommendations are also a good option.
A doctor will talk to the patient -or their parents, in the case of children, about their symptoms. They may use standard questionnaires or ADHD symptoms checklists, and ask for information from other people in the person's life, including spouses and family members. Personal insight can provide more information than what can be gleaned from questionnaires.
Experts will also look over old school records, and especially old reports. Often, the diagnosis of ADHD is determined by the history of a person and, to be able to identify the condition, symptoms must be present from childhood (technically before age 12).
A physical exam is also usually done. It will look for any other medical conditions that may be responsible for the symptoms, for example, seizure disorders or thyroid problems. The expert will often conduct a neurological exam which tests for motor control and coordination. Psychological tests that test the level of intelligence and ability can be utilized. The test subject may also be asked to perform simple computer tasks to test memory and attention. This could assist an expert determine if the person is hyperactive or not. The specialist will determine the treatment plan and provide an assessment. The typical treatment plan includes medication and therapy. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, can teach adults and children healthy coping techniques and help change negative thinking patterns. This therapy can be done by an primary care physician or a mental health professional who specializes in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD improve by taking medication. However this isn't the only way to treat the condition. Children, teenagers and adults can also benefit from a psychotherapy session, behavioral therapy or the combination of both. These therapies help them cope and live with their ADHD symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and how to manage it, may be included. They can include family members, teachers and professionals.
It is important to find a health care provider or mental health professional with experience treating ADHD. You can ask others with ADHD for suggestions or a mental health provider you've met. You can also conduct an internet search. It's best to find a specialist who is familiar with your insurance plan.
getting a adhd diagnosis will inquire with you or your child about the signs and issues caused by ADHD. They will do an examination of the body and look for any other health issues which could trigger similar symptoms. They will look over the medical and family history of your child or you and also school records and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) (DSM-V) which is designed to diagnose children is more difficult time diagnosing ADHD in adults. Your doctor will interview you or your child regarding their symptoms and may also ask other people who spend many hours with them to fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox as well as non-stimulants like atomoxetine as well as certain antidepressants. They work by boosting levels of brain chemicals, known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD also suffer from comorbid disorders, like anxiety or depression. Treatment should therefore include therapy that targets these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavior therapy which teaches techniques such as time and task management and emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can also help patients to manage their symptoms by changing their lifestyle. For example an exercise routine that is regularly practiced can reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthier diet is also crucial for people with ADHD tend to eat higher levels of sugar and fat, and eat fewer vegetables and fruits than the rest of us. Also, making relationships with family and friends prioritizing relationships can reduce stress levels and make people feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid children and adults to understand their challenges. For instance, a child suffering from ADHD may have trouble communicating his or her needs to teachers and peers however, once a teacher understands that it's not personal or due to a lack of motivation accommodations can be made.
A professional who conducts an ADHD evaluation will ask questions specific to the individual's age, ask questions of teachers and relatives and review medical records and look for comorbidities. For adults, school records might be useful in determining whether the ADHD symptoms began before adulthood.
The specialist will also check for any hearing or vision problems with hearing or vision. They could also conduct tests on blood to determine the presence of certain hormones, and other health conditions which can cause symptoms similar to ADHD.