How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, but it can affect adults too. Diagnosed and treated for ADHD the patient can lead a happier life.
Interviewing the person as well as their family members can be a part of an evaluation for ADHD. The specialist may look over old school records to determine whether the symptoms started in childhood.
Symptoms
ADHD is a disorder that can affect school, work, and home life. Everyone has difficulty concentrating and staying organized from time to time. To be diagnosed with the disorder, someone must have major symptoms in at least two of these areas and show that the symptoms significantly impair everyday functioning. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
A doctor will inquire with the patient about his or her symptoms, as well as about any medical concerns and family history. adhd diagnosis adults uk may also use rating systems to gauge symptoms in adults or children. These questionnaires are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They cover symptoms like hyperactivity, inattention and the tendency to be impulsive.
In adult patients, doctors may require a discussion with a significant other or people who know the patient well. This isn't meant to challenge the honesty of the patient, but to gain a better understanding of the behavior of a person that cannot be gathered from the answers to a questionnaire. They could inquire about their childhood behaviors and consult old school records in order to determine whether symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis, the doctor will conduct an examination and tests in the lab to rule out any other health issues, like head injuries or thyroid issues which can trigger similar symptoms. The doctor will also look over the person's list of medications. Certain medications for depression or high blood pressure, as well as other ailments can be a trigger for stimulants, so the doctor will consider these when suggesting treatment options. It's important that adults talk with their primary healthcare provider if they suspect they may have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be considered to have ADHD, symptoms must manifest in at least two settings (such as school, home, and work) and affect the functioning of the individual. They must also have started before the age of 12, and the impairment must not be due to another disorder, such as depression or anxiety.
A doctor or mental health professional will employ a variety of tools during the assessment, including ADHD symptom checklists and standardized scales for assessing behavior and a detailed medical history. They may also interview family members and friends to determine how the individual's symptoms have affected them. They will also ask whether there are any other psychiatric conditions or physical conditions that have similar symptoms.
The evaluators will decide if the symptoms are severe or mild. They will also look at the medical history of the patient and family history to ensure there is no root cause of their problems such as thyroid issues, head injuries or medication.
In some cases the examiner may decide to conduct a cognitive test or request that the person undergo an imaging test in order to determine the cause of their symptoms like learning disabilities. People with these disorders often show different symptoms from those with no issues. For instance, boys are more likely to show hyperactive symptoms and girls show inattention symptoms.
Many people with ADHD are interested in participating in a clinical trial to test new treatments. This is a great opportunity to further research. However, participants should be aware that the main objective of these studies is scientific knowledge, not an assurance of treatment. For more information on clinical trials, please visit NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
If you suspect they have ADHD, it's important to find an expert trained in diagnosing the disorder. Contact your health insurance company to inquire if ADHD specialists will be covered. You could also ask your family physician or other healthcare providers for recommendations. Additionally, referrals from word-of-mouth are a good choice.
A doctor will ask the patient or their parents in the case of children - about their symptoms. They may use checklists that are standard or ADHD symptoms, and may also ask other people in the patient's life for details including spouses and families. Personal insight will reveal more than can be gleaned from questionnaires.
A professional will also want to review any records the person might have, especially old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is based on a person's history and, in order to be diagnosed with the condition, the symptoms must be present since childhood (technically prior to age 12).
A physical examination is also carried out. It will look for any other medical problems that could be causing the symptoms, for example, seizures or thyroid issues. The expert will often conduct a neurological examination, which checks for coordination and motor control. Psychological tests, designed to measure the ability and intelligence of a person, could be used as well. Additionally, a person might be asked to complete simple computer tasks that test memory and attention. This will help the professional determine if someone is hyperactive, inattentive or an impulsive. The expert will decide on the treatment plan and provide a diagnosis. Typically, the treatment plan includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, can teach adults and children healthy coping techniques and help change negative thinking patterns. The therapy can be offered by a primary doctor or a mental healthcare professional who is a specialist in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD improve their condition by taking medications, however it's not the only method to treat the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, or a combination of both can be beneficial for teenagers, children, and adults. These therapies aid them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn how to live with the symptoms. They may include psychoeducation, which is a form of education about ADHD and ways to manage it. They can include teachers, family members, and professionals.
It is crucial to locate an expert in mental health or health care provider who is experienced in treating ADHD. You can seek recommendations from other people with ADHD or from a mental health professional you already know, or do an online search. It is best to locate an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
To diagnose ADHD, the health care professional will inquire about your your child's symptoms and problems caused by the condition. They will conduct physical examinations and check for any other health issues that could cause similar symptoms. They will review your your child's medical history and family history, school records, and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) (DSM-V) which is designed to diagnose children, has a more difficult to diagnose ADHD in adults. Your health care provider might interview you or your children about the symptoms and have other people who spend lots of time with them to fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. The drugs used to treat ADHD include stimulants, such as methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine and nonstimulants such as atomoxetine, or other antidepressants. They function by boosting levels of brain chemicals, known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people who suffer from ADHD also have co-occurring disorders, such as depression or anxiety. Because of this, treatment should include therapy that addresses these issues. Certain patients could benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches abilities like time and task management, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
Therapists can also assist patients to manage their symptoms by changing their lifestyle. For example exercising regularly can reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is essential for those with ADHD tend to eat more sugar and fat, and eat fewer fruits and vegetables than others. Making family and social relationships priority can help reduce stress and help people feel more in control of their lives.
Another big benefit of an ADHD diagnosis is that it gives children and adults a clearer comprehension of their issues. For undiagnosed adhd in adults , a child who has ADHD might have difficulty communicating their needs to peers and teachers however, once a teacher understands that it's not personal or due to a lack of motivation accommodations can be provided.
A professional who is evaluating ADHD will ask questions that are targeted towards the person's specific age, speak with family and teachers, review medical records, and look for any comorbid conditions. If ADHD symptoms started before adulthood school records could be helpful for adults.
A physical exam is often included, and the expert will likely test for vision and hearing problems. He or she will also conduct tests on the blood to determine the presence of certain hormones and other health issues that may cause ADHD-like symptoms.